a) Null hypothesis, level of significance, power of test, P value, statistical estimation of confidence intervals.

Curriculum Unit: 2. Biostatistics

This study module covers "Null hypothesis, level of significance, power of test, P value, statistical estimation of confidence intervals.", an integral component of the Year 4 Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D) curriculum under Biostatistics and Methodology (Biostatistics). Designed for clinical pharmacy scholars, the syllabus emphasizes mechanistic understanding, clinical relevance, and high-yield examination competencies.

Upon reviewing this syllabus topic, Pharm.D students are expected to demonstrate proficiency in:

• Examine the core physiological, scientific, and anatomical concepts of Null hypothesis, level of significance, power of test, P value, statistical estimation of confidence intervals..
• Relate theoretical principles of Biostatistics to clinical practice and pharmacotherapy.
• Identify key terminology, functional classifications, and diagnostic benchmarks.

Standard literature and institutional sources for Biostatistics and Methodology:

• [1]Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) Pharm.D Curriculum Syllabus Guidelines
• [2]Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Hall & Hall)
• [3]A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacy Practice (Parthasarathi, Nyfort-Hansen, Nahata)